Microplastics have become a growing concern in recent years—not just for our oceans, but increasingly for our personal health. While much of the public discussion focuses on plastic pollution in the environment, fewer people realise that microplastics are also present in the very products many of us apply to our skin daily.
What Are Microplastics?
Microplastics are plastic particles measuring less than 5 millimetres in diameter. These tiny fragments originate from larger plastic items breaking down, but they are also intentionally added to products, including many personal care and beauty items. Because of their minuscule size, they are easily absorbed into the environment—and worryingly, into our bodies.
Recent studies have detected microplastics in human blood, signalling that exposure is not limited to external contact. These findings have raised serious concerns about the potential impact on human health.
Microplastics in the Beauty Industry
A 2022 investigation by the Plastic Soup Foundation found that 87% of products from leading cosmetics brands contain microplastics. These aren’t limited to exfoliating scrubs (which once famously contained plastic beads) but are also found in everyday skincare items—such as moisturisers, sunscreens, foundation, lipstick, and mascara.
These plastics serve a variety of functions: enhancing texture, improving spread-ability, and increasing product longevity. However, these benefits come at a significant cost.
How Do Microplastics Enter the Body?
When applied to the skin, microplastics can penetrate through hair follicles and sweat glands, particularly when used frequently or under heat or pressure. Once inside, these particles may cause:
- Skin irritation or sensitivity
- Inflammation and allergic reactions
- Disruption of the skin’s natural barrier
The potential for systemic exposure is also a concern. A study by the University of Birmingham highlighted that chemicals associated with microplastics could be absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream via sweat. Once in the body, they may accumulate and interfere with normal biological processes, although the long-term effects are still being studied.
Wider Environmental Impact
Microplastics pose a serious environmental threat. After being washed off, they often enter water systems via household drains, bypassing water treatment facilities due to their small size. Once in rivers and oceans, they are consumed by marine life, which can lead to:
- Harm to aquatic organisms, from physical damage to reproductive issues
- Entry into the food chain—affecting not only sea life but potentially humans as well
This ripple effect underscores the importance of reducing microplastic use at the source.
How to Avoid Microplastics in Your Skincare and Makeup Routine
Avoiding microplastics doesn’t mean compromising your skincare goals. With a growing range of responsible brands and tools available, making informed choices has never been easier. Here are some simple steps you can take:
1. Check the Ingredients List
Look for synthetic polymers commonly used in beauty products. Some to watch out for include:
- Polyethylene (PE)
- Polypropylene (PP)
- Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
- Nylon
- Acrylates copolymer
If any of these appear on the label, the product likely contains microplastics.
2. Choose Certified Microplastic-Free Products
Many ethical skincare and cosmetics brands now offer verified plastic-free formulations. Look for certification from reputable bodies such as:
- “Zero Plastic Inside” by the Plastic Soup Foundation
- COSMOS and Soil Association organic certifications
These indicators help ensure your products align with clean beauty principles.
3. Use Natural Alternatives
Switch to products that rely on natural exfoliants like:
- Sugar or salt granules
- Oats or crushed walnut shells
- Fruit enzymes (like papaya or pineapple)
These ingredients are both effective and biodegradable—better for your skin and the planet.
4. Download the Beat the Microbead App
This free app, developed by the Plastic Soup Foundation, allows you to scan a product’s barcode and immediately see whether it contains microplastics. It’s an excellent tool for making quick, conscious choices while shopping.
What Can Consumers Do to Encourage Change?
In addition to changing personal habits, consumers can help drive broader industry change. Here are some ways to get involved:
- Support brands that are transparent about their ingredients and committed to sustainability
- Share awareness with others—many people are unaware of the presence of microplastics in cosmetics
- Reach out to policymakers and brands to advocate for stricter regulations and clearer labelling
In Summary: Making Informed Beauty Choices
The presence of microplastics in skincare and cosmetics is not only an environmental concern—it’s a personal health issue. By becoming aware of what’s in your products and choosing alternatives where possible, you can reduce your exposure and help push the industry toward safer, more sustainable practices.
A small change in your beauty routine can have a big impact—for your skin, your health, and the world around you.